While there is some behaviour in The Sims 4 that defines a loose "schedule" regarding sleep, I've always found Sims' sleeping habits to be erratic, unreliable, and boring. This mod changes that by enforcing stricter schedules and making a Sim's traits, moods, and lifeskills affect their sleeping autonomy.

Currently 5 modules are available and can be mixed and matched as desired. (Main is always required!)

Main, Wake Up, Morning & Night, and Moods require the base game only. Life Skills requires the Parenthood gamepack.
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Installation : Unzip and drag the package files and TS4script files into your Sims 4 Mods directory. (Important! TS4 Script files can only be one folder deep.)
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Better Sleep Autonomy - Lifeskills

Expansion module for Better Sleep Autonomy. This mod causes a Sim's responsibility and emotional control to affect their sleeping behaviour. Doesn't do much on its own, but when used in combination with Wake Up and/or Moods, will have the following effects :

⦁ Irresponsible Sims won't conform to a schedule. They'll go to bed whenever they like and wake up whenever their energy is full. They'll only wake up for work/school at the very last minute. (Basically, irresponsible Sims have the default Sims 4 sleeping behaviour, except that they won't sleep for an additional 2 hours after their energy is full.)

⦁ Responsible Sims will always wake up at least 2 hours before work/school, regardless of their energy motive.

⦁ (with Moods module) Emotionally Controlled Sims will be able to autonomously sleep regardless of their mood.

⦁ (with Moods module) Sims with Uncontrolled Emotions will find it more difficult to fall asleep and won't autonomously sleep if they're angry, sad, stressed, embarrassed, energized, or focused. (They can still be commanded to sleep.) Teens and Young Adults with poor emotional control will also not want to sleep when feeling flirty. Goofballs with poor emotional control won't want to sleep when feeling playful.

Young Adults, Adults, and Elders are affected based on their traits, while Children and Teens are affected based on their current character values.

Known Issues / Limitations : Due to the default code related to schedules, which controls when a Sim is allowed to autonomously sleep rather than nap, irresponsible Sims will not behave the way I intended. I wanted them to just go to sleep (no naps) whenever they're tired, which is, sadly, not possible without digging into the Python code. On a typical daytime career schedule, an irresponsible Sim will tend to go to bed very early and/or just nap rather than sleep, which is quite annoying. I intended irresponsible Sims to be erratic, but more likely to stay up late and sleep most of the day.

Compatibility / Requirements : This module (Life Skills) requires the Parenthood game pack. Should be compatible with all other mods. 
Tested with game version 1.80.69. 

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Modules:
Better Sleep Autonomy - Wake Up
Better Sleep Autonomy - Morning & Night
Better Sleep Autonomy - Life Skills
Better Sleep Autonomy - Moods

Future Plans:
⦁Add a module for toddlers.
⦁Add a module for vampires.
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Feel free to leave feedback and suggestions!

If you'd like to support my modding efforts, it would be greatly appreciated.
https://ko-fi.com/mokunoid